Understanding Replication of HIV

-

Serial Cervicovaginal exposures with Replication-deficient SIVsm induce higher Dendritic Cell (pDC) and CD4+ T-Cell Infiltrates not associated with prevention but a More Severe SIVmac251 Infection of Rhesus Macaques

Abdulhaqq, Shaheed A.; Martinez, Melween I.; Kang, Guobin; Foulkes, Andrea S.; Rodriguez, Idia V.; Nichols, Stephanie M.; Hunter, Meredith; Sariol, Carlos A.; Ruiz, Lynnette A.; Ross, Brian N.; Yin, Xiangfan; Speicher, David W.; Haase, Ashley T.; Marx, Preston A.; Li, Qinsheng; Kraiselburd, Edmundo N.; Montaner, Luis J.

Published Ahead-of-Print
Collapse Box

Abstract

Objective: Intravaginal exposure to SIV acutely recruits IFN-[alpha] producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte targets to the endocervix of nonhuman primates. We tested the impact of repeated cervicovaginal exposures to noninfectious, defective SIV particles over 72 hrs on a subsequent cervicovaginal challenge with replication-competent SIV.
Methods: 34 Female Indian Rhesus macaques were given a three-day, twice-daily vaginal exposures to either SIVsmB7, a replication-deficient derivative of SIVsmH3 produced by a CEMX174 cell clone (n=16), or to CEM supernatant controls (n=18). On the fourth day, animals were either euthanized to assess cervicovaginal immune cell infiltration or intravaginally challenged with SIVmac251. Challenged animals were tracked for plasma viral load and CD4 counts and euthanized at 42 days post infection.
Results: At the time of challenge, macaques exposed to SIVsmB7, had higher levels of cervical CD123 pDCs (p=0.032) and CD4+ T-Cells (p=0.036) than those exposed to CEM control. Vaginal tissues showed a significant increase in CD4+ T-Cell infiltrates (p=0.048), and a trend towards increased CD68+ cellular infiltrates. After challenge, 12 SIVsmB7-treated macaques showed 2.5-fold greater daily rate of CD4 decline (p=0.0408), and viral load rise (p=0.0036) as compared to 12 control animals.
Conclusions: Repeated non-productive exposure to viral particles within a short daily timeframe did not protect against infection in spite of pDC recruitment, resulting instead in an accelerated CD4+ T-Cell loss with an increased rate of viral replication.
(C) 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Q And A Forum: Anal Douching - The What, How and Why

-
Image
On a topic such as this it’s best to get right to it and dip your toes in…or a douche as it were. Specifically we are referring to the act of anal douching, its reasons, benefits and some good things to know and consider when cleaning the old pipes! It’s also always good to consider hygiene in any anal play whether it is in preparation or if you plan on making anal douching part of the sexual play itself. Since we are jumping right in it should be noted we will be touching on the dreaded subject of fecal matter. Don’t be skeert! It’s why anal douching is important and since its use is specific to one part of the anatomy both males and females have in common that the same rules apply for both sexes. In fact it should be noted that many people believe the same feminine hygienic products used to douche the vagina are good enough to clean the rectum but most of these products are not created to clean the rectum and contain ingredients that can leave the rectum in an unhealthy state (st...
Read more

Working with the Youth; MDG

-
RECLAIMING FUTURES Thanks to those working to help teens advertisement |  your ad here On Friday, our community's Reclaiming Futures initiative hosted a one-day conference at New Life Center in Everett, "Systems 101." In the wake of years of budget and staffing cuts and doing more with less when it comes to serving our teens, over 100 members of our community, from teachers to Judges, treatment professionals to volunteer mentors, made the time in their already busy schedules to come together to: Learn (from each other), collaborate, build cohesiveness amongst our educational, health, juvenile justice, DCFS, treatment, and youth placement programs, be inspired, and receive a call to action. What is that call? That every adult, every Snohomish County citizen can play a part in reclaiming our youth from the cycle of substance abuse, mental health issues and crime by getting involved with Reclaiming Futures. They were asked to imagine an integrated syste...
Read more

Q And A Forum: HIV Prevention Tips For Grass Root Organizations

-
Image
1. Know Your Epidemic 2. Know Your Social Services 3. Know Your Marginalized Population 4. Know Your Needs 5. Know Your Reporting Mechanisms @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ PROACTIVELY PROTECT YOURSELF FROM HIV, BRING DOWN THE VIRUS WITH  TRUVADA FOR PrEP —ONE TABLET, ONCE DAILY The only medication approved to significantly reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 in individuals at risk, in combination with safer sex practices @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ U.S. AND GLOBAL HEALTH GUIDELINES RECOMMEND  TRUVADA FOR PrEP   IN COMBINATION WITH SAFER SEX PRACTICES TO HELP REDUCE THE RISK OF SEXUALLY ACQUIRED   HIV-1   IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK ARV Provider Organizations should: Provide criteria for determining a person's risk of HIV infection and for TRUVADA FOR PrEP use Include TRUVADA FOR PrEP as a prevention option for  HIV-1–negative  individuals at risk for HIV infection Emphasize the importa...
Read more