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September 13, 2013 12:12:00 PMCMV-based vaccine can clear SIV infection in macaques
Could a vaccine be used to functionally cure HIV infection? New evidence from an animal study suggests the strategy may work, though the infection cleared was—of course—of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), not HIV.
August 30, 2013 03:40:00 PMNew animal model recapitulates sexual HIV transmission
Most HIV transmissions happen heterosexually, but so far, animal models don’t accurately recapitulate this process. Instead, researchers manually place a droplet of a solution that contains viruses inside the vagina of females. Now, researchers have for the first time modeled heterosexual HIV transmission in a much more accurate way: In mice that actually have sex (Dis. Model. & Mech., 2013; doi: 10.1242/dmm.012617).
August 15, 2013 06:17:00 PMStudy boosts hope for a better malaria vaccine
Spider-Man got his superhuman abilities after being bitten by an irradiated spider. Irradiated mosquitoes aren't quite as powerful, but they might help humanity in another way: the fight against malaria.
A recently published study reveals that all six volunteers who received five vaccinations of a new experimental vaccine containing irradiated noninfectious malaria parasites were protected from controlled malaria infection three weeks after the last vaccination (Science 2013, doi: 10.1126/science.1241800). The vaccine, which was found to be safe in these volunteers, also protected six of nine volunteers who received four doses, while five of six unvaccinated volunteers got infected.
A recently published study reveals that all six volunteers who received five vaccinations of a new experimental vaccine containing irradiated noninfectious malaria parasites were protected from controlled malaria infection three weeks after the last vaccination (Science 2013, doi: 10.1126/science.1241800). The vaccine, which was found to be safe in these volunteers, also protected six of nine volunteers who received four doses, while five of six unvaccinated volunteers got infected.
July 29, 2013 12:33:00 PMThe blood bank quandary
In 1982, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began asking groups considered even then at high-risk for AIDS—mainly intravenous drug users and gay men—from donating blood. The US Food and Drug Administration adopted the recommendations a year later to safeguard the nation’s blood supply. Other countries did the same.
The measure made perfect public health sense at the time and officials were rightly worried that HIV was invading the national blood supply. But are such restrictions needed today?
The measure made perfect public health sense at the time and officials were rightly worried that HIV was invading the national blood supply. But are such restrictions needed today?
July 16, 2013 03:11:00 PMHow disease detectives track deadly bugs today
Given how fast two entirely new and deadly viruses—the H7N9 influenza strain in China and the MERS coronavirus in Saudi Arabia—were picked up by disease surveillance experts, we’ve been pondering how the tools and technologies we take for granted today might have altered the course of HIV and AIDS if they’d been available when AIDS blipped on the public health radar.
July 05, 2013 12:41:00 PMA stir in Kuala Lumpur
I attend a lot of scientific meetings. At the end of most, I ask participants what they thought were the highlights. But at this year’s 7th International AIDS Society conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from June 30th to July 3rd, I didn’t need to ask. The thing that had everybody excited was the announcement that researchers might have replicated the HIV cure achieved in Timothy Brown—the so-called Berlin patient.
June 27, 2013 10:53:00 PMResearchers synthesize potent stimulators of HIV expression in latently infected cells
The eradication of viral reservoirs remains among the most challenging obstacles to curing HIV infection, a problem that researchers have sought to solve by inducing HIV replication in latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells. The expectation is that the cells would then either die as a result of the renewed viral replication or become vulnerable to targeting by antiretroviral drugs or immune responses.
One drug that researchers hope might stimulate the virus to come out of hiding is known as SAHA. But HIV maintains its latency in a variety of ways, so it will likely take a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action to eradicate all parts of the reservoir. One alternative mechanism is activation of protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme that in turn activates a transcription factor called NFκB, which induces HIV expression in latently infected cells. Now researchers report that they have synthesized powerful analogs of the natural PKC activator prostratin (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302634110).
One drug that researchers hope might stimulate the virus to come out of hiding is known as SAHA. But HIV maintains its latency in a variety of ways, so it will likely take a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action to eradicate all parts of the reservoir. One alternative mechanism is activation of protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme that in turn activates a transcription factor called NFκB, which induces HIV expression in latently infected cells. Now researchers report that they have synthesized powerful analogs of the natural PKC activator prostratin (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302634110).
June 26, 2013 03:54:00 PMIDU study rounds out PrEP picture
Most people assume, perhaps understandably, that HIV-infected injecting drug users (IDUs) are incapable of adhering to the daily grind of oral antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Yet this assumption appears to be contradicted by the data.
Still, the notion that HIV-uninfected IDUs might adhere to a daily regimen of ARVs to prevent HIV infection seems like a stretch. But that too appears to be the case, if the results of a recently completed Phase III trial in Thailand are any indication.
Still, the notion that HIV-uninfected IDUs might adhere to a daily regimen of ARVs to prevent HIV infection seems like a stretch. But that too appears to be the case, if the results of a recently completed Phase III trial in Thailand are any indication.
June 07, 2013 07:42:00 PMEast meets West for vaccine design
Today was the last day of the first conference on vaccine design organized by Cold Spring Harbor (CSH) Asia, the Asian branch of the renowned Cold Spring Harbor conference in the state of New York. The gathering took place from June 3 to 7 at a brand new conference center and hotel built in 2010 in Suzhou, just one hour by car (half an hour by the recently constructed high speed train) from Shanghai. The center was built for CSH Asia to hold such meetings, said Maoyen Chi, who directs the CSH Asia program. So far, CSH Asia has held almost 40 meetings here, covering many reas of biology.
June 05, 2013 05:42:00 PMLatest issue of VAX
Check out our May edition of VAX, which includes coverage from the "30 Years of HIV Science" meeting in Paris, global news and or latest Primer, that describes how recent breakthroughs offer a blueprint on how a vaccine may be designed to induce broadly neutraliziing antibodies.
Written by Regina McEnery
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